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Migration to Dovecot
====================

*WARNING: Badly done migration will cause your IMAP and/or POP3 clients to
re-download all mails. Read this page carefully.*

This page contains generic information related to migrating from another IMAP
or POP3 server to Dovecot. You should read this page, and then look at the
server-specific instructions:

 * <Migrating from any IMAP/POP3 server to Dovecot via dsync>
   [Migration.Dsync.txt] - this is the recommended way to do all migrations
   nowadays
 * <UW-IMAP / UW-POP3> [Migration.UW.txt]
 * <Linuxconf / VIMAP> [Migration.Linuxconf.txt]
 * <Courier IMAP and POP3> [Migration.Courier.txt]
 * <Cyrus IMAP and POP3> [Migration.Cyrus.txt]
 * <vm-pop3d> [Migration.Vm-pop3d.txt]
 * <teapop> [Migration.Teapop.txt]
 * <Binc IMAP> [Migration.BincIMAP.txt]
 * <Gmail> [Migration.Gmail.txt]

Dovecot is one of the easiest IMAP servers to migrate to because of its
powerful configuration options. Dovecot can store email in both <mbox>
[MailboxFormat.mbox.txt] and <Maildir> [MailboxFormat.Maildir.txt] formats,
making it compatible with many existing servers. Dovecot is also very flexible
as to where it stores the email. It supports many different databases for
storing <passwords> [PasswordDatabase.txt] <user information>
[UserDatabase.txt].

Migration involves several separate tasks. You either need to convert your data
or make Dovecot read your existing data. Dovecot is very good at being
compatible and configurable, so it is likely to read your existing mailboxes
and user and password configurations. Tasks for conversion include:

 * <Where and how to store the email> [MailLocation.txt]
 * <User authentication> [PasswordDatabase.txt]
 * <User database configuration> [UserDatabase.txt] (home directory structure,
   UID and GID)

IMAP migration
--------------

When migrating mails from another IMAP server, you should make sure that these
are preserved:

 1. Message flags
     * Lost flags can be really annoying, you most likely want to avoid it.
 2. Message UIDs and UIDVALIDITY value
     * If UIDs are lost, at the minimum clients' message cache gets cleaned and
       messages are re-downloaded as new.
     * Some IMAP clients store metadata by assigning it to specific UID, if
       UIDs are changed these will be lost.
 3. Mailbox subscription list
     * Users would be able to manually subscribe them again if you don't want
       to mess with it.

POP3 migration
--------------

When migrating mails from another POP3 server, you should try to preserve the
old UIDLs. If POP3 client is configured to keep mails in the server and the
messages' UIDLs change, all the messages are downloaded again as new messages.

*Don't trust the migration scripts or anything you see in this wiki. Verify
manually that the UIDLs are correct before exposing real clients to Dovecot.*
You can do this by logging in using your old POP3 server, issuing UIDL command
and saving the output. Then log in using Dovecot and save its UIDL output as
well. Use e.g.'diff' command to verify that the lists are identical. Note that:

 * *If a client already saw changed UIDLs and decided to start re-downloading
   mails, it's unlikely there is anything you can do to stop it. Even going
   back to your old server is unlikely to help at that point.*
 * Some (many?) POP3 clients also require that the message ordering is
   preserved.
 * Some clients re-download all mails if you change the hostname in the client
   configuration. Be aware of this when testing.

Some servers (UW, Cyrus) implementing both IMAP and POP3 protocols use the IMAP
UID and UIDVALIDITY values for generating the POP3 UIDL values. To preserve the
POP3 UIDL from such servers you'll need to preserve the IMAP UIDs and set
'pop3_uidl_format' properly.

If the server doesn't use IMAP UIDs for the POP3 UIDL, you'll need to figure
out another way to do it. One way is to put the UIDL value into X-UIDL: header
in the mails and set 'pop3_reuse_xuidl=yes'. Some POP3 servers (QPopper) write
the X-UIDL: header themselves, making the migration easy.

Some POP3 servers using Maildir uses the maildir base filename as the UIDL. You
can use 'pop3_uidl_format = %f' to do this.

Here is a list of POP3 servers and how they generate their UIDs. Please update
if you know more:

 * UW-POP3: 'pop3_uidl_format = %08Xv%08Xu'
 * qmail-pop3d: 'pop3_uidl_format = %f'
 * Cyrus <= 2.1.3: 'pop3_uidl_format = %u'
 * Cyrus >= 2.1.4: 'pop3_uidl_format = %v.%u'
 * Citadel [http://www.citadel.org] (all versions): 'pop3_uidl_format = %u'
 * Dovecot 0.99: 'pop3_uidl_format = %v.%u'
 * tpop3d [http://www.ex-parrot.com/~chris/tpop3d/]:
    * Maildir: 'pop3_uidl_format = %Mf' (MD5 sum of the maildir base filename
      in hex)
    * mbox: MD5 sum in hex of first 512 bytes of the message (or of the full
      message if it's less than 512 bytes).
 * popa3d [http://www.openwall.com/popa3d/] Generates MD5 sum from a couple of
   headers. Dovecot uses compatible MD5 sums internally, but converts them into
   UIDL strings in a bit different way.
 * teapop [http://www.toontown.org/teapop/] 0.3.8:
    * Maildir: 'pop3_uidl_format = %Mf' (MD5 sum of the maildir base filename
      in hex)
    * mbox: MD5 sum of the message without the following lines:
      Status,X-Status,Lines and Content-Length.
 * Cucipop mbox: v1.31 uses its own homebrew checksum based on headers and
   body. Injection of X-UIDL: headers and pop3_reuse_xuidl=yes is the way to
   go.
 * qpopper: 'pop3_reuse_xuidl=yes'
 * Courier: 'pop3_uidl_format = %f'

IMAP <-> IMAP copying
---------------------

Note that you can do IMAP -> Dovecot migration using <dsync>
[Migration.Dsync.txt], which preserves IMAP UIDs and other metadata. This is
the recommended way of doing migrations. But there are also other options:

If you don't care about preserving messages' UIDs, you can always migrate from
another IMAP server to Dovecot by downloading the messages via IMAP from the
old server and then uploading them to Dovecot via IMAP.

There are several different tools for this, for example UW-IMAP
[http://www.washington.edu/imap/]'s mailutil, imapsync
[http://freshmeat.net/projects/imapsync], YippieMove
[http://www.yippiemove.com] and Larch [https://github.com/rgrove/larch].

imapsync
--------

Here's an example of how to run imapsync for a single user:

---%<-------------------------------------------------------------------------
imapsync --syncinternaldates \
  --host1 192.168.1.57 --authmech1 LOGIN --user1 leah@example.com --password1
secret \
  --host2 127.0.0.1    --authmech2 LOGIN --user2 leah@example.com --password2
secret
---%<-------------------------------------------------------------------------

It is quite easy to script this for a number of users, assuming you have their
passwords. Even if you do not, imapsync also supports logging in as an admin
user that has the ability to copy message for sub users, and a variety of other
authentication options.

Larch
-----

Here's an example of how to run Larch:

---%<-------------------------------------------------------------------------
larch --from imap://mail1.example.com --to imap://mail2.example.com
---%<-------------------------------------------------------------------------

When run it will ask you for usernames and passwords that will be used for
logging into servers, but you can also specify them on the command line.

(This file was created from the wiki on 2019-06-19 12:42)